巴旦木果皮可大量飼喂泌乳期奶牛
Feeding high amounts of almond hulls tolactating cows
巴旦木果皮可大量飼喂泌乳期奶牛
“本文節(jié)選于加州大學(xué)戴維斯分校動物科學(xué)學(xué)院K.L.Swanson等人在2021年8月刊登在Journal ofDairy Science的文章《Feeding high amounts of almond hulls to lactating cows》?！?/em>
California is the leading state for theproduction of almonds, with more than 400,000 bearing hectares of orchards thatproduced approximately 1 billion kilograms of shelled nuts in 2017. Almondhulls (AH) are a regional by-product feedstuff fed predominantly to dairycattle in California. A 2012 study surveyed 40 dairy farms in California andfound that 39 out of 104 total mixed rations contained AH, with a mean dailyfeeding rate of 1.45 kg/cow.
美國加州是巴旦木的主產(chǎn)區(qū)，在2017年有超過40萬公頃的果園出產(chǎn)了大約10億公斤的巴旦木果仁。巴旦木果皮是地方性的副產(chǎn)品飼料原料，在加州主要用來飼喂奶牛。2012年一份對加州40個牧場的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，104份日糧中，有39份都含有巴旦木果皮，平均飼喂用量為1.45kg/頭。
Therefore, the potential of feeding varying amounts of AH tolactating dairy cows was investigated using 12 Holstein cows with 4 primiparousand 8 multiparous cows. The dietary treatments were 4 total mixed rationscontaining 0%, 7%, 13&, or 20% AH.
本研究以12頭泌乳期的荷斯坦奶牛包含4頭初產(chǎn)牛和8頭多產(chǎn)牛為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，研究泌乳期奶牛飼喂不同數(shù)量巴旦木果皮的潛力。日糧是添加了0%、7%、13%或20%比例巴旦木果皮的全混合日糧。
Diets were formulated sothat as the inclusion rate of AH increased, the amount of steam-flaked corn andsoyhull pellets decreased and soybean meal inclusion increased. Experimentaldesign was a replicated 4×4 Latin square. Diet had a cubic effect onactual milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, and dry matter intake, with the7% AH diet having the highest values and the 13% AH diet having the lowest.
日糧的配方是隨著巴旦木果皮的增加，減少壓片玉米和大豆皮顆粒的用量，增加豆粕的用量。實(shí)驗(yàn)室在一個平行的4*4的圈舍中進(jìn)行。日糧對實(shí)際產(chǎn)奶量、能量校正產(chǎn)奶量和干物質(zhì)采食量具有立方效應(yīng)，其中在日糧中添加7%的巴旦木果皮效益最高，含13%巴旦木果皮的日糧，效益最低。
表1：日糧中添加不同比例的巴旦木果皮（AH）
Substituting AH at varying amounts for a portion of theconcentrate ingredients in a lactating cow TMR had no negative linear effectson DMI, ECM milk yield, milk fat, or lactose yield. Cubic effects of diet wereobserved for DMI, milk yield, ECM, lactose yield, and aNDF and ADF intake. Apparenttotal-tract digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were higher withthe inclusion of AH in the diet. Total percentage of the day spent ruminatingincreased linearly with higher amounts of AH, with the 7% AH diet having thehighest values for these measurements.
研究表明在泌乳期奶牛的日糧中替代使用大量的巴旦木果皮，對DMI、ECM、乳脂和乳糖沒有負(fù)面的線性作用。日糧中巴旦木果皮的含量對DMI、產(chǎn)奶量、EMC、乳糖、aNDf和ADF的攝入呈立方關(guān)系。干物質(zhì)和有機(jī)物的全消化道表觀消化率隨著日糧中巴旦木果皮的提高而線性提高，一天中用于反芻的時間比例隨著巴旦木果皮的增加而線性增加。日糧中添加7%的巴旦木果皮最具價值。
表2：飼喂含不同比例的巴旦木果皮（AH）奶牛的產(chǎn)奶量（kg/天）和營養(yǎng)成分（%）
Apparent digestibility of DM, OM, ADF, and CP increased withincreasing amount of AH in the diet. Milk protein percentage and yieldsignificantly decreased with increasing amount of AH in the diet. In contrast,milk fat percentage increased with increased AH in the diet with no change inmilk fat yield.
DM、OM、ADF和CP的表觀消化率隨著日糧中巴旦木果皮的增加而提高，乳蛋白的含量和產(chǎn)量則隨著日糧中巴旦木果皮的增加而顯著減少。與此相反，乳脂的含量則隨著巴旦木果皮的增加而增加，乳脂產(chǎn)量沒有影響。
The findings from this study indicate that AH can be fed as aconcentrate supplement up to 20% of the diet to potentially help improve milkfat percentage and DM digestibility, although milk protein could decrease.Including AH at 7% of the diet could help optimize DMI and milk, protein, andfat yields.
此研究表明，巴旦木果皮可以作為一種補(bǔ)充料，在日糧中添加比例可以達(dá)到20%，以用來幫助提高乳脂率和干物質(zhì)消化率，但是乳蛋白會降低。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)日糧中添加7%的巴旦木果皮，可以最優(yōu)化干物質(zhì)采食量、產(chǎn)奶量、乳蛋白和乳脂產(chǎn)量。
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